Enhancing the Territorial Heritage of Declining Rural Areas in Spain: Towards Integrating Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches

Top-down and bottom-up approaches towards silicon nanoelectronics

The performance of silicon-based VLSI circuits has steadily been improved by scaling down device dimensions, and a nearly exponential growth of microelectronics capabilities has been achieved. However, maintaining this top-down miniaturization trend is getting exceedingly hard due to fundamental physical and technological limitations as well as of the economical limitation. Nonconventional bott...

Integrating Bottom-up and Top-down Processing in Active Dendrites

| The classical view of information processing in the cortex is that of a bottom-up process in a feed-forward hierarchy. However there is psychophysical, anatomical and physiological evidence that top-down eeects play a crucial role in the processing of input stimuli. Hardly anything is known about the neural mechanisms underlying these effects. Here we investigate a physiologically inspired mo...

A Comparative Study of Effect of Bottom-up and Top-down Instructional Approaches on EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Recall and Retention

This quasi-experimental study investigated the effect of bottom-up and top-down instructional approaches on English as a foreign language (EFL) vocabulary recall and retention. To this end, 44 high school students from two intact classes were assigned to bottom-up (n = 21) and top-down (n = 23) groups. The participants were exposed to 20 hours of explicit vocabulary instruction during 10 weeks ...

Blending Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches in Conceptual Design

In recent years, there has been significant attention given to improved methods and tools for engineering design. While advances for the latter stages of design have been impressive, this has not been the case for the early stages of design. In general, advances have provided for either a top-down or a bottom-up approach to design; ignoring the requirements for both abstraction and detail in a ...

Bottom-up, top-down